Power System Analysis

Maximizing Efficiency – Ensuring Safety

The electrical system is the “Lifeblood” of every project — from industrial plants and commercial buildings to residential areas. Analyzing the electrical system is a critical step in ensuring safe, efficient, and stable operation. It not only helps detect potential risks early, but also serves as the key to optimizing performance and reducing costs.

 When Should You Analyze Your Electrical System?

• New designs or system upgrades – to ensure the electrical setup is safe, suitable, and optimally designed.
• Load expansion or reconnection changes – to avoid system overloads or transient instability
• Troubleshooting faults, instability, or overloads – to identify root causes and implement effective solutions.
• Safety inspections or compliance assessments – to detect and evaluate hazards while ensuring adherence to international technical standards.
• Performance optimization and energy savings – to uncover electrical losses, streamline operations, balance loads, and implement energy-saving strategies.

Why Choose PSTS Services?

At PSTS, we specialize in Power System Study & Analysis Services, providing detailed load flow studies, short circuit analysis, and protection coordination. Our expert team works with clients in Utilities, Industries, buildings and OEMs, helping them optimize and protect their electrical infrastructure for maximum reliability, efficiency, and safety.

We blend years of engineering expertise with the latest power system analysis software to offer customized solutions for every project, ensuring that your power systems perform at their best, no matter the challenge. Power System Study isn’t just a technical requirement — it’s the key to enhancing the efficiency, reliability, and safety of modern power systems. It plays a vital role in the digital transformation of the energy sector and the development of smart grids.

What Do Power System Study Consultants Do?

Power System Study consultants assess the entire lifecycle of your power infrastructure, from initial design to long-term maintenance. Our consultants use advanced modeling tools and simulations to help you meet operational goals while ensuring compliance with safety standards and industry regulations.

         

            2.4.1 Load Flow Study

            2.4.2 Short Circuit Study

            2.4.3 Protection & Relay Coordination Study

            2.4.4 Arc Flash Assessment

Additional Power System Study Services

In addition to load flow, short circuit, and protection coordination studies, PSTS  offers a wide range of additional power system analysis services, including:

Harmonic Analysis: Our team assesses the impact of harmonics on your system to improve power quality and reduce interference.

Motor Starting Analysis: We evaluate motor starting conditions to ensure that your system can handle high inrush currents safely.

Power Quality Analysis: We assess factors like voltage sags, swells, and frequency variations that affect system performance.

Cable Ampacity Analysis:  we determines the maximum current a cable can safely carry, considering factors like temperature, installation, and surrounding environment.

 2.4.1 Load Flow Study

Optimize Operations – Ensure Stability – Enhance System Efficiency

Optimize Operations – Ensure Stability – Enhance System Efficiency

Load Flow Study is a fundamental step in the design and operation of electrical systems. This process involves calculating and simulating how current and power flow throughout the entire electrical network—from power sources to loads—to ensure stable, efficient, and safe performance

 

 Why Is Load Flow Study Essential?

In reality, Electrical systems are constantly evolving: loads increase, generation sources change, and network structures are modified or expanded. Without Load Flow Analysis, designing or operating the system becomes guesswork, relying solely on assumptions or experience—which can lead to serious issues, such as:

• Overloading of transmission lines or transformers
• Severe Voltage Drops at points distant from the source
• Voltage Instability that can damage equipment
• Significant Energy Losses, resulting in high operating cost

🎯Benefits of Load Flow Analysis

• Power Flow distribution across the system
  Identify current, voltage, active power, and reactive power at each node and branch within the electrical system.
• Operational condition assessment
  Evaluate voltage levels at nodes, detect overloads, voltage drops, or violations of technical limits.
• Operation and maintenance planning
  Support decisions on load shedding, power generation, or grid configuration to ensure stable operations and optimal performance.
• Foundation for system optimization
  Analyze energy losses and operational efficiency, as well as evaluating the system’s ability to manage current loads and support future expansion.

Outcomes Of Load Flow Study

1. Detailed report explaining the input data, study cases, observations and recommendations
2. Presentation to easily spot out abnormal conditions like voltage limit violations, overloading conditions, and improper continuous rating selections.
3. Proposing applicable solutions to address the issues. (Example – Power factor correction devices, Reactive power support devices)
4. Base simulation model for short-circuit, stability, motor starting, and harmonic, and protection studies.

2.4.2 Short Circuit Study:

Protecting Electrical Systems – Preventing Failures – Ensuring Safe Operations

Short Circuit Study is a critical component in the design, operation, and protection of electrical systems. It helps identify fault currents that may occur during electrical failures such as ground faults, phase-to-phase contacts, or three-phase short circuits. Based on these insights, protective systems can be properly designed to safeguard both personnel and equipment.

Why Is Short Circuit Study Necessary?

Real-life situation	Risks Without Short Circuit Analysis
New system design	Inappropriate equipment selection, leading to potential fire or explosion risks
System expansion	Increased fault current exceeding equipment capacity
Safety inspection	Failure to meet technical standards, resulting in rejected approvals
Actual operation	Protective devices malfunction, causing widespread power outages

Benefits of Short Circuit Analysis

• Identifying fault currents across the system
  Evaluate the severity of short-circuit scenarios and select appropriate equipment for safe operation.
• Designing and selecting protective devices
  Provide the technical foundation for choosing circuit breakers, fuses, and relays with suitable specifications. For existing equipment, compare rated short-circuit capacity with calculated values to assess compatibility.
• Optimizing protection coordination
  Premise for study selective coordination of protective devices, allowing rapid fault isolation and minimizing the risk of widespread outages.
• Analyzing and simulating fault scenarios
  Support testing of various short-circuit cases — single-phase ground faults, two-phase faults, and three-phase faults — to assess system reliability.

Outcomes Of Short Circuit Study

1. 1. Detailed report explaining the input data, study cases, observations and recommendations
   2. Fault currents at various buses and branches in the system
   3. Breaking current – AC and DC components, peak making current and short time withstand ratings of equipment
   4. Input to Relay coordination study
   5. Input to Arc Flash Study

3.2.3 Protection and Relay Coordination  

Enhancing Reliability – Minimizing Outages – Optimizing Protection Systems

In any electrical system, designing and analyzing the protection scheme is a critical factor in safeguarding personnel, equipment, and maintaining uninterrupted operation. Protection and Relay Coordination study ensure the system responds accurately during faults, swiftly isolates affected areas, and minimizes the impact on the rest of the network.

🧠Why Is Protection & Relay Coordination Study Important?

Real-life situation	Risks Without Protection & Coordination Study
Ground Faults or Short Circuits	Entire system shutdown instead of localized isolation
Incorrect operation of protective devices	Production disruption and significant financial loss
Mismatch between new and old equipment	Devices fail to operate correctly, endangering staff
Lack of regular inspections	Protection system becomes inaccurate and unreliable over time

Benefits of Protection and Relay Coordination

• Fast Fault Isolation to minimize outage scope
  Ensure that the device closest to the fault responds first, swiftly isolating the affected zone and allowing the rest of the system to continue functioning.
• Optimized Relay and protective device settings
  Calculate appropriate settings for each system location to prevent false tripping or missed responses between protective components.
• Analysis of Time-Current Characteristic Curves
  Analysis of Time-Current Characteristic Curves to detect overlaps, miss coordination or hidden risks—then implement solutions that enhance system performance and reliability.
• Simulation Sequence of Operation
  Test system responses under simulated conditions like short circuits, overloads, and ground faults to assess coordination effectiveness.

Outcomes Of Protection and Relay Coordination Study

1. Detailed report explaining the input data, system configuration, observations and recommendations
2. Fault currents at various buses and branches in the system.
3. Relay setting tables with recommended and optimized settings
4. Time coordination curves
5. Sequence of operation
6. Input to Arc Flash Study

2.4.4 Arc Flash Assessment

Protecting People – Reducing Risk – Compliance with International Safety Standards

Arc Flash is one of the most serious hazards in electrical systems. During a Short Circuit incident, extremely high fault current can trigger an arc explosion with temperatures reaching up to 35,000°F (≈19,400°C), causing severe burns, permanent injury, or even fatality to operators. Arc Flash Assessment is a critical step in risk assessment, electrical safety guideline design, and ensuring occupational safety.

🧠Benefits of Conducting an Arc Flash Analysis

Benefit	Description
Protecting personnel	Minimizes risk of burns, injuries, or fatalities caused by Arc Flash Incidents
Regulatory compliance	Meets NFPA 70E, 70B, OSHA, and international safety requirements
Enhanced awareness	Provides clear hazard warnings, defines Arc Flash Boundaries and PPE
System optimization	Reduces Arc Flash Energy levels through design improvements and operational tweaks
Damage mitigation	Limits equipment damage and reduces downtime during fault events

🎯Benefits of Arc Flash Assesment

• Determine Arc Flash Energy at each location
  Identify energy levels (cal/cm² or J/cm²) throughout the system to evaluate hazard severity and implement appropriate safety measures for personnel.
• Calculate the Arc Flash Boundary
  Identifies danger zones around electrical equipment to establish warning signage and restricted access areas.
• Select Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
  Recommends appropriate PPE levels for each work zone and hazard category.
• Minimize Arc Flash Energy
  Advises optimal methods for each location to reduce Arc Flash Energy through design and operational improvements.
• Ensure compliance with international safety standards
  Generates warning labels and detailed reports in line with NFPA 70E, NFPA 70B,IEEE 1584, and OSHA electrical safety requirements.

Outcomes of Arc Flash Study

• Hazard Identification: Calculates arc flash energy and safe working distance.
• PPE Requirements: Specifies suitable protective gear for safe operations.
• Equipment Labeling: Applies warning labels and PPE info on electrical panels.
• Protection System Optimization: Adjusts relays/breakers to minimize incident risk.
• Regulatory Compliance: Ensures adherence to standards like NFPA 70E, NEC, OSHA, IEEE.

• Consulting & Training: Provide expert advice on the most suitable and effective methods, along with comprehensive staff training on hazard awareness and the proper use of PPE.